Study Dentistry in U.S.A

Golden chance for those students  who are living near

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student belong to these place need not to go far places for coaching as ahead announces center in jalandhar .batch about to start enrole by simply sending text message(name ,e mail id) on =9872881930today details are as follows .

A.H.E.A.D

MDS / ADC / NBDE & NDEB Coaching

The National Board Dental Examination, commonly referred to as the

NBDE, is taken by 2nd year US accredited dental schools and

international accredited dentists.

NBDE – Part 1 USA

Day 1:

Web Based assessment & online registration with American Dental Association (ADA)

Obtain Dent pin registration number from ADA

Process for appearing in NBDE Part I USA has been started

Day 4:

Payment process starts:

Apply to ADA for appearing in the Exam

Registration for NBDE part 1

Courier your Eligibility Certificate to ADA for evaluation

Day 5

Apply for eligibility certificate evaluation (E.C.E.) with ADA

Send courier to ADA for ECE

Day 15:

You will get your confirmation email and application number. from ADA within few weeks

Day 45

Receive E.C.E. & GPA

Courier it to ADA

Apply for visa

Day 60

Sit for the exam in America

Administrative charges for Exam

application, documents evaluation

& visa processing

NBDE Part I

(USA)

Rs.Exam Fees 15000

Visa Fees 7000

Evaluation 8000

Courier Charges 13000

Processing Charges 15000

Total Rs. 58,000

We specialize in offering Personalized and Customized

Applications to provide you admissions into DDS/DMD

• NBDE Part 1 : When do I appear for it?

• When should I get my transcript evaluated from ECE?

• Evaluation is done after BDS and/or MDS?

• Making/Editing of Resume/CV; Statement of Purpose.

• Getting most effective Reference Letters

• Paper Applications to Individual Universities

• Direct reporting of NBDE Part 1 & TOEFL scores and GPA

• Supporting Documents needed along with applications

• Personal Interview Preparation

• Clinical Exam Preparation

• Loan Applications Processing

• Student Visa

NBDE – USA : frequently asked questions

1. I have completed my BDS but not internship… Am I eligible for NBDE exams ?

Ans : No, one must complete the entire BDS course along with compulsory rotatory Internship to be

eligible for DDS .

2. 1 have just finished my 2nd year BDS? Can I get admission in to DDS?

Ans : Please note for admission in to DDS one needs to complete the BDS degree . But any one who has

completed 2nd year of BDS is eligible for Part I exam of NBDE in USA. But official admission can take

place only after-completing the BDS degree.

3. What is NBDE part 1 ?

Ans : This exam is conducted by American Dental Association (ADA). NBDE part 1 exam is conducted

through out the year in approx 300 centres in USA / CANADA. This exam is fully computerized with

400 MCQs with no negative marking.

4. I gave one attempt in 2011…. If I pass will I have a second attempt in 2012?

Ans : No , Once you pass Part 1 , there is no scope for reattempting the exam . For admission one

preferably needs more than 87 percentile score. The more the score the better it is.

5. Pass fail system in 2010 or 2012?

Ans: Pass /fail system is from January 2012 but no reattempt clause is valid from Jan 2010.

6. What is GPA?

Ans : GPA is Grand Percentile Aggregate. It is evaluated by ECE which gives educational equivalence

for each educational credential.

7. How important is GPA ?

Ans: Higher the score, better chances of success. But it plays a significant role if your NBDE scores are

less. You can always cover with your low GPA by getting a good percentile in NBDE Part 1 and a good

score in TOEFL.

8. How much GPA is considered good?

Ans: Anything above 3 Is good. For students with GPA below 2, will need to get good marks in NBDE

Part 1 and TOEFL.

9. How to apply for DDS after BDS ?

Ans: AFTER BDS  GET ECE EVALUATION  Prepare for NBDE EXAM 1

The DENTPIN (Dental Personal Identification Number) : is a unique

personal identifier for

applicants & students

APPLY TO ADA FOR PART 1 EXAM  SCHEDULE TO TAKE THE EXAM  TAKE THE

EXAM AT A PROMETRIC CENTER  GET SCORE REPORTS  APPLY TO

UNIVERSITIES FOR DDS

10. What all I have to study to prepare for NBDE part I ?

Ans: You are supposed to study and prepare for your basic subjects.

11. How to prepare for NBDE part I? Which books are recommended? Where can I get study

material for NBDE part 1 preparation?

Ans: AHEAD Review notes in Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Embryology, Microbiology,

Pathology, Dental Anatomy & Histology.

12. I scored only 80 percentile in NBDE part 1, what can I do?

Ans : With score below 85 percentile, getting an admission is very tough.But you can improve your

profile by adding few observerships and perceptorship certificates and then going for NBDE part 2 and

getting a good score in. part 2,

13. Do I need to clear both NBDE part 1 & 2 for admission into DDS?

Ans : Most universities accept only part 1 scores , but for some you need both. You can get admissionwith only part 1 scores but you need to clear part 2 before your DDS completion.

DENTAL ANATOMY &

HISTOLOGY

AHEAD Test and Discussions – DENTAL ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY

1. The premolar which is most often double rooted is the:

A. maxillary first B. maxillary second C. mandibular first D. mandibular second

The correct answer is A. Maxillary first premolars are almost always double rooted. When single rooted, they always have two

separate root canals. The level of division of the two roots varies, from complete division up to the crown, to only a small

separation apically. The mandibular first premolar is most often singlerooted, and the mandibular second premolar is almost

always single rooted (double roots are rarer than in the mandibular first). The maxillary second premolar is most often single

rooted. The extreme likelihood that the maxillary first premolar will have two roots has implications for both endodontics and

exodontia of this tooth. It is also reported that some small percentage (5% in one study) are actually triple rooted.

2. In centric occlusion, the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first molar will contact:

A. the mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular first premolar and distal marginal ridge of the second premolar

B. the distal marginal ridge of the mandibular first molar and distal marginal ridge of the second molar

C. the distal marginal ridge of the mandibular second premolar and mesial marginal ridge of the first molar

D. the central fossa of the mandibular first molar

The correct answer is D. The mesiolingual cusp of a maxillary molar is a holding cusp. The general rule for maxillary holding

cusps is as follows: a maxillary holding cusp contacts the distal marginal ridge of its mandibular counterpart and the mesial

marginal ridge of the mandibular tooth distal to its counterpart, EXCEPT FOR THE MESIOLINGUAL CUSPS OF THE

MOLARS, WHICH CONTACT THE CENTRAL FOSSAE OF THEIR COUNTERPARTS. This should be the central fossa of

the counterpart, the mandibular first molar.

3. A rule regarding congenitally missing teeth is:

A. A mandibular tooth is more likely to be missing than its maxillary counterpart

B. A distal tooth of a type is more likely to be missing than the mesial tooth of the same type

C. A mesial tooth of a type is more likely to be missing than a distal tooth of the same type D. None of the above is true

The correct answer is B. In any set of teeth (incisor, premolar, molar), the distal tooth is more likely to be congenitally missing

than the mesial. So lateral incisors are missing more than centrals, second premolars are missing more than first premolars, and

third molars are more commonly missing than first or second. Of all of these, the MOST commonly missing is the maxillary

lateral incisor.

4. The crowns of the incisors when viewed from the incisal

A. are wider mesiodistally than buccolingually in both arches

B. are wider buccolingually than mesiodistally in both arches

C. are wider mesiodistally in the maxilla, and wider buccolingually in the mandible

D. are wider mesiodistally in the mandible and wider mesiodistally in the maxilla

The correct answer is C. This is known as an arch trait, as it is true for both incisors of each arch. Both incisors of the maxilla are

wider mesiodistally. Both incisors of the mandible are wider buccolingually. The maxillary central, in particular, is known for the

greatest assymetry in this regard. It is much wider mesiodistally than buccolingually, and that difference, expressed as a ratio, is

greatest for that incisor. It is also the largest incisor, in both dimensions, in absolute size.

5. Which of the following will cause reduction of the size of the pulp chamber in mid-life?

A. Formation of primary dentin B. Formation of secondary dentin

C. Internal resorption D. External resorption

The correct answer is B. Primary dentin surrounds the pulp chamber when the tooth is first formed and erupts. It is the initial

dentin that makes up the base of both the crown and root. If the young tooth has a given size pulp chamber, further dentin

formation, secondary dentin, later in life, will begin to fill the chamber with dentin, making it smaller. Internal resorption is loss of

dentin, resulting in a larger pulp chamber. External resorption involves the exterior of the root and does not change the pulp

chamber size.

6. The largest root of the maxillary first molar is the:

A. mesiobuccal B. distobuccal C. palatal D. varies depending on the individual tooth

The correct answer is C. The palatal or lingual root of the maxillary first molar is the most massive by far. It is normally straight

but palatally inclined, giving the three roots a tripod-like appearance. The mesiobuccal root is second in size, and the distobuccal

is smallest. The mesiobuccal is often curved distally and the distobuccal curved mesially. This pliers-like appearance is not found

in the maxillary second and third molars

Sigmund FREUDS theory and Dental Significance

3.2 The Oral Stage of Psychosexual Development (Birth to
18 months)
For Freud, the oral stage of infancy is a critical period in personality
formation. The centers of pleasurable body movements are the mouth,
lips and tongue. The child regards sucking his mothers breast as the
most pleasurable activity. But conflict ensures when the source of love
or pleasure is terminated i.e. the breast feeding. The child at this stage is
self-centered and pre-occupied with his own needs. He also experiences
common problems associated with fixation as dependent personality
with unnecessary demand for mothering, oral aggressive, and excessive 
oral behaviours such as the compulsive eating, nail biting etc.
3.3 Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years)
This stage refers to the stage when the focus of pleasurable body zone
shifts from mouth to anus, rectum and bladder. The child takes most
pleasurable activities in urinating and defecating. The source of conflict
results in toilet training by the mother. The child develops ambivalent
attitudes as a result of parent’s interference with his activities. The child
also resolves conflict between his need for parental love and his need for
instinctual gratification through the development of life long attitudes
toward cleanliness, submissiveness, orderliness, punctuality etc. The
problems alongside with fixation are hostile and challenging personality
accompanied with adherence to rules, regulations, neatness and
orderliness.
3.4 The Phillic Stage
This stage refers to approximately the age of three to six. The focus of
pleasurable body zone shifts from anus to the genitals (the sexual
organs). The child’s pleasurable body activity results to masturbation.
Another important development at this stage are the Oedipus complex
and Elektra complex.
The Oedipus complex implies that the male child feels sexual love for
the mother and perceives his father as hostile rivalry which leads him to
fear punishment through “castration by the father and eventually called
castration anxiety”. This conflict is resolved by identifying with his
father and repressing his desire for his mother. In female child, Elektra
complex occurs where she feels sexual love for the father and hates her
mother. This leads her to conclude that she  has been castrated and
otherwise feels inferior that finds expression in female, “penis envy”.
A male child patient is more co-operative during dental treatment when he is with mom
and vice versa for a girld child.In this regard, the problems expressed in this stage for
 both male and female children are sexual problems in adulthood (impotence or 
frigidity) homosexuality and failure to handle competitive relationships.
3.5 The Latency Stage (Age of 6 to 12 years)
While anal and phallic stages correspond to pre-primary school years,
the latency stage corresponds to the primary school years in which
children suppress most of their infantile sexual feelings or sexuality andFurther, the boys associate with 
their fellow boys and girls and engage themselves in learning skills and
values etc. This is most co-operative stage for child  if he or she has to undergo dental treatment.
3.6 Genital Stage (12 to 18years)
This stage corresponds to part of senior primary school and junior
secondary schools.
In this stage, the focus of pleasurable activity shifts to the members of
the opposite sex. Both boys and girls experience romantic and emotional
feelings. At this stage, Sigmund Freud postulated that human behaviour
is determined by id, ego and superego personality functions. He
identified the nature  of anxiety as conflicts among ‘id’  – impulses;
superego, demands and ego defenses. Id is that part of mind controlled
by the pleasure principle and will. Id impulses clash with person’s need
to adapt to society. As a child grows he develops the ego and superego.
The ego as the conscious part of the mind acts as a mediator between an
individual’s instinctive id, impulse and external reality. As his ego
develops, the child learns to make compromises between his internal
urges and parental and societal controls. The superego is regarded as
conscience part of the mind that helps children, adolescents and adults to
develop a moral code and ideal behaviour. The ego and superego
develop as parts of the personality as the child goes through
psychosexual growth stages. In the course of a child’s development, the
id, the ego and the superego do not appear simultaneously. The id is
already present at birth. The ego develops as the infants satisfy his needs
with the interaction with the environment. Later years the superego
develops as the custody of the rules and values of environment.
Freud identifies several defense mechanisms which children,
adolescents and adults use to excuse their difficulties or shortcoming
and failure.


Ego Defense Mechanisms
Ego operates on reality principle. According to Freudian theory, ego 
defense mechanisms are activated when an individual confront serious 
anxiety and emotional conflict. They are mental devices used by 
individuals to protect themselves from distortion of reality. The most 
common defense mechanisms are projection, reaction formation,
rationalization, displacement, repression, denial, sublimation and 
regression. These defense mechanisms are used to protect the ego 
children develop as part of personality development.
Projection defense mechanism occurs as an individual ascribes his 
unacceptable behaviour to others, to justify self defense. Reaction 
formation implies that an individual protects himself against recognizing 
aspect of his personality that he would find unacceptable by developing 
the opposite behaviour. For rationalization, an individual exhibits a 
convincing reason for doing something unacceptable. Displacement 
implies that the aggression tendency is redirected to a person. In 
repression an individual exhibits unacceptable impulse driven from 
conscious feelings of anxiety and guilt. Denial or regression occurs 
when an individual protects himself from unpleasant reality by not 
perceiving its existence; while sublimation, denotes where unacceptable 
drives are channeled into socially acceptable or creative activities.

SIGMUND FREUD

[ ENGLISH ] [ PSYCHOLOGY ] [ MEMORIES ] [ TRAWLING ] [ SUPERSTITIONS ] [ MIXED BAG ]

SIGMUND FREUD (1856 - 1938)by Dr. ALEC GILL MBE WIDE APPLICATION OF FREUD'S THEORY: Childhood Development / Unconscious Mind / Personality / Inner Conflicts / Motivation / Sexual Desires / Social Activity / Job Choice / Feminism? THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND: Three elements ID EGO SUPEREGO PSYCHO-SEXUAL STAGES ORAL / ANAL / GENITAL (PHALLIC) / LATENCY / PUBERTY / OEDIPUS COMPLEX METHODOLOGY FOR and AGAINST FREUD INTRODUCTION: If Psychology is a study of the Mind; then Psycho-analysis is a study of the Unconscious Mind. OUR UNCONSCIOUS MIND: Is there such a thing? / What goes on within it? According to Freudians, the Mind houses our selfish wishes, private fears, dreams, nightmares, inner conflicts, sexual impulses, childhood desires, incestuous thoughts, etc. DREAMS: "The Golden Highway to the Unconscious Mind" Everyone dreams - whether they know it or not. Insight / Eureka! / De je vue! / Ghosts / Madness / Unconscious / How can we explain all these bizarre thoughts? FREUD TRIES TO BRING ALL THESE ASPECTS TOGETHER - Few try, many avoid it, but only FREUD had a go. He was the only one to really venture into these areas. THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND Freud claimed that the Mind is divided into three parts: ID, EGO, and SUPEREGO. But what do these terms mean? Freud invoked a variety of colourful neologisms to explain them (to his own satisfaction, at least). ID (Latin = IT) These are unconscious impulses which seek IMMEDIATE expression and gratification - known as THE PLEASURE PRINCIPLE. This aspect of our mind is ANIMAL, PRIMITIVE, ASOCIAL, AMORAL. Obviously a child would not survive long if s/he behaved solely in this selfish manner. Therefore, the next level of the mind grows out of the ID. EGO This part of the mind mediates between the savage ID and the rules of reality. This is Freud's REALITY PRINCIPLE. The Ego directs the individual's behaviour in two ways: (a) MEDIATES between the greedy ID and harsh reality; and (b) MOTIVATES the individual to gain status and power. By acting in its self-interest, it can then satisfy the demands of the ID. (JR, Dirty Den?) SUPEREGO This is like a Parental Figure. It sees what the Id and Ego are up to and so suppresses them both. This is the GUILT PRINCIPLE which 'pricks our consciousness' when we do wrong and evil things. CONFLICT THEORY: In essence there is a CONFLICT between these three parts of the mind: ID                    =     I want    - BIOLOGICAL             - Instinct EGO                =     I can      - PSYCHOLOGICAL    - Intelligence SUPEREGO   =     I ought  - SOCIAL / MORAL      - Institutional OEDIPUS COMPLEX OF THE MALE CHILD The Oedipus Complex is central to Freud's Psycho-analysis. Since he presented it at the start of the 20th.century, it has shaped thinking in the arts and society. How does it work? A boy has an unconscious desire (within the ID) to kill his father and sleep with his mother. But he also fears that his powerful father will act against him = CASTRATION ANXIETY. This dilemma has a double effect: a. the boy represses his erotic feelings toward his mother; and b. he identifies with his father as a powerful figure in order to gain his mother's affection. NOTE: Freud's Theory is good in that if you agree with it, it provides a blue-print against which to understand the complexity of the human mind; but if you disagree strongly, it forces you to devise your own model or ask: How do we come to terms with the phenomena of the human mind - metaphysically or empirically? ELECTRA COMPLEX For females, Freud crudely reversed the process for girls. That is, she desires to kill her mother and sleep with her father. Her anxiety is that she believes she has already been castrated. Thus girls have PENIS ENVY. She therefore identifies with her mother in order to gain male affection. In many respects, both these 'complexes' are odd - they explain everything and tell us nothing! PSYCHO-SEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT THE CONCEPT OF THE LIBIDO is "a fundamental pleasure-seeking drive which unconsciously motivates us from the moment of our birth". According to Freud, our personality develops through various Psycho-sexual Stages. His revolutionary claim was that sexual desires begin in earliest childhood through the following stages: ORAL - during the first year of life the libido is gratified through stimulation of the mucous membrane of the mouth (breast feeding, sucking behaviour). ANAL - (2nd / 3rd years) pleasure now gained from anus by excretion and retention of faeces. This is why some psychologists gave great stress to Potty Training in the 1950s. This line of research seems to have fizzled out. GENITAL / PHALLIC (3rd / 4th years) erotic pleasure from the genitals. Young boys were once punished if fondled their sex organs. LATENCY / FORGETFUL (5 years to puberty) the period when psychosexual desires are inactive or forgotten until puberty. PUBERTY - development of normal heterosexual behaviour. ADULT EMOTIONAL NEUROSES stem from disturbances at any of the above Psycho-sexual stages when Libido energy gets blocked or FIXATED at one of the stages. The greater the level of fixation the greater the problem the patient has in achieving a satisfactory adult emotional relationship. It can result in REGRESSION to earlier psychosexual stage. FREUDIAN METHODOLOGY Now, being unconscious, the problem which Freud and his followers had was to find ways of analysing the mind. The Freudian Method is to interpret the patient's DREAMS - The Golden Highway to the Unconscious FREE ASSOCIATION of trivial words SLIPS of the TONGUE - Freudian slips HUMOUR SEXUAL DEVIANCY JOB CHOICE and, of course, the patient's NEUROTIC SYMPTOMS. CRITICISM OF FREUD'S WORK - mainly from the Empirical / Behavioural camps UNTESTABLE - All Freud's theories are built upon their own INTERNAL LOGIC which cannot be proved either way. Internally consistent, yes, but externally un-provable. Thus, little or no scientific worth. NO PREDICTIVE VALUE - Even if we know that someone had no father figure against whom to compete for his mother's affection, what does that tell us about his future behaviour? TINY SAMPLE - Theory not based on a large sample of people, or tested under experimental conditions with control groups, etc. Freud's patients were largely wealthy hysterical Victorian middle-class women in Vienna in the late 1800s. Therefore, from such a narrow group, the theory is applied universally. It is presented as an all-encompassing male-centred theory. NEOLOGISMS - Freud invented many new terms, but rarely defined exactly what he meant - thus open to such wide interpretation (but some would see that as its great attraction). The more vague the terms, then the more people are free to apply them to their own needs. METAPHYSICAL - abstract throughout - not testable via empirical methods. PERSONAL PROJECTION of Freud's own life, fantasies and conflict with his own father (Oedipus Complex). UNDERSTANDING the UNCONSCIOUS - Freud deals with the Unconscious mind which he claims can only be understood through dreams, slips of the tongue, etc. But, do we really understand how the Conscious Mind itself works? Answer: No. Therefore, how can something which does not understand itself, begin to interpret what the Unconscious Mind generates (Khristnamurti)? FREUD'S CONTRIBUTION TO PSYCHOLOGY I like to end on a positive note! MULTIPLE LEVELS - He made us aware that the Mind operates at various levels. INFANTILE SEXUALITY - Highlighted the importance of infant development and that a child has sexual feelings. SOCIAL TABOOS - Took away many social taboos related to sex. We certainly live in a post-Freudian age. There is no going back to a pre-Freudian period. SYMBOLIC MEANING - Gave emphasis to the symbolic meaning of objects in human experience (phallic symbols). CREATIVITY - Stimulated artistic creativity (Salvador Dali, Modernism). STARTING POINT - His controversial theories acted as a viable starting point for much research, especially into childhood psychology. Had Freud not highlighted the Unconscious Mind, someone else would have had to (Walter Mischel, 1968). IS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ONE OF CONTINUITY or DISCONTINUITY? The traditional view of Human Development is that once s/he has reached a certain level, it is then FIXED for that person's lifetime. This theory has been applied to characteristics such as: PERSONALITY INTELLIGENCE (11+) ATTITUDES PSYCHO-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT The origins of this DOMINANT view began with the Greeks: Plato (400BC), John Locke (1670s), Freud (1910) and Watson (1928). In essence, they state that once a childhood characteristic has been formed it CONTINUES into ADULTHOOD. More recent research, however, seriously undermines that tradition stance (Clarkes, et al). VAGUE FREUDIAN CONCEPTS: 1. FIXATION can occur with either frustration or overindulgence. For example, during the Oral Stage the child may not receive enough oral gratification, so will fixate on that stage and be inclined to prolong it to make up for lost time. Conversely the child's Unconscious may find this stage so pleasant that there is a reluctance to move on to the next one! 2. REGRESSION occurs in adolescence/adulthood. If, during the genital stage, sexual gratification is not satisfied, the person will then regress to a previous psychosexual stage which was a trouble-free source of gratification. Therefore, if blocked in one's adult aspirations, then a regression will return to a time when gratification was met in childhood development...! It is also possible for there to be Partial Fixation or Regression. So the picture is complex - according to the Freudian view. 3. CONSEQUENCES of REGRESSION to a PSYCHO-SEXUAL STAGE ORAL: Over-eating, drinking, smoking, thumb-sucking, nail-biting. Freudians claim that this is why it is difficult for people to stop smoking. When they do, they overeat or chew gum to compensate - thus keeping the mouth busy in other ways. JOBS: Excessive use of vocal cords. People get jobs as college lecturers, public speakers, politicians, selling, broadcasters, preachers, dentists, etc. ANAL FIXATIONS: miserly, tight-fisted people. JOBS: involves mixing or moulding (unconscious link with the faeces), chemist, cook, artist, sculptor, etc. GENITAL / PHALLIC (masturbation): Pre-occupation with one's own body and craving for the parent of the opposite sex. Highly self-centred, insecure in their sex role identity. This may lead to either homosexuality or an excessive show of masculinity / femininity. Sexuality is exaggerated, but in a shallow way. Phallic regressives exploit others and avoid deep inter-personal relationships. JOBS: authorship of erotic literature (this involves sexuality, but avoids the involvement with others). Male surgeons are trying symbolically to castrate their father; while female surgeons searching for the penis!! LATENCY: regression to the 'resting stage' between the main gratification phases. This involves non-sexual aggressive expressions of instincts. JOBS: scientists who direct energy away from sexual conquests into intellectual struggles; volunteers who fight for charitable causes. Nuns / Monks? 4. THREATS TO THE EGO - three sources: REALITY ANXIETY - environment not always friendly. NEUROTIC ANXIETY - Id impulses may get out of control and be severely punished by society. MORAL ANXIETY - Superego suppression would bring all behaviour to a halt because so ridden with guilt. Under attack from these three sources, the ego's best defence is to arrive at a compromise between all the forces by allowing the ID indirect expression (in a disguised, symbolic form). This does not offend the SUPEREGO. Guilt reduced, EGO maintained, and self-esteem enhanced in the eyes of the world (reality). CONCLUSION: Freudian Psycho-analysts seem to be in a Win : Win situation. That is, heads they win, tails you loose. Either way, their clients pay. Delving into the past can go on forever and forever - and still get nowhere. The present is overshadowed by the past and the future is bleak. Where are the positive results from decades of treatment? Is Freud a fraud? RETURN TO 'PSYCHOLOGY'^

BEYOND JUST IMPLANTS: -Innovation technology and research.. What is Implant??

In the last two decades if one thing that has revolutionized dentistry and the treatment planning it has been the evolution of dental implants with a very high degree of predictability and prognosis. Ever since the breakthrough turning point discovery of titanium and its Osseo-Integration property by prof. Branemark ,if thereA is one field of medicine that has benefited the most that has been restorative dentistry. 

Even as a prosthodontist we need to accept that there are certain anatomic conditions, individual preferences and some systemic conditions for the fully and partially edentulous [distal extensions] where conventional removable prosthesis do not give satisfactory results to patients and also to dentist. These patients have also been coined as dental cripples by us. 

Today where conservation is the rule and more and more veneers and partial crowns are being advocated against conventional crowns, conventional fixed partial denture treatment needed more rationalization with a lot more patients preferring artificial roots for replacement of their teeth to bridges which undermine their healthy natural adjacent teeth. 

Implant surgery and implant prosthodontics have seen dramatic advances in the form of atraumatic extractions for socket preservation either for immediate or delayed implant placement to CAD CAM guided surgery for immediate replacement/function. sinus augmentation procedures, block grafts from intra oral and extraoral sites, nerve repositioning have become the order of the day today. Now dentistry has been gaining popularity with advances in implant surfaces to take up immediate load and the advent of single piece implants. 

Although there has been such a drastic change in dentistry with implants unfortunately there has been inadequate education in this field both in under graduation and post graduation level. Majority of General dentist who have graduated just a couple of years ago and who have graduated probably a decade ago are still ignorant about complete science and rehabilitation using implants. This has led to a huge gap to be filled between the patient demands for a better prosthesis and a lot of dentists unable to meet up to their needs. Our effort to bridge this long gap has been made ossible by ODONTOS DENTAL HOSPITAL funded Implant Course, an advanced surgical and prosthetic training program. 


BEYOND JUST IMPLANTS:
-Innovation technology and research 

Innovation, and technology need to be in sync with research and development and this R&D is motivated by demands and needs / wants of dentists and patients alike. Implantologist were anxiously looking for any major implant manufacturer who has dared to take on the zirconia implant adventure. Their presumed biocompatibility and excellent aesthetic shade would make these implants highly desirable in the esthetic zone, provided they can withstand functional loading. 

We are facing an almost endless proliferation of synthetic bone replacement materials today. Some materials serve as placeholders for natural bone formation, while other types of materials are designed to replace autologus bone grafts. How well proven and how successful are products such as procine collagen matrix straight from the pack designed to replace autologus connective tissue grafts in covering recession and augmented soft tissue ? 

In addition to these developments in dental materials , new digital devices are coming more and more into focus with dentists – in diagnostics and therapy alike. Products range from 3D x ray units and computer guided implant placement all the way to optical scanners replacing conventional impression making and even automated dental technology procedures.

CAD- CAM procedures for manufacturing implant supported restorations include opto – digital processes that dispense with plaster casts altogether. Single session chairside restorations using scanner technology could be the future. Custom components which now require manual fabrication could be produced this way. 

Doubtlessly recent innovation within oral implantology has now been driven in large part by scientific progress and by the products developed by the dental industry. Prompted by an ever increasing demand by dentists and their patients, new products, new processes and improved therapeutic methods have been brought into the market for many indications – from new approaches to bone augmentation and novel procedures in laser technology to newer materials, not least the already familiar zirconia. Coming from a high level of achievement and extremely high success rates compared to other medical procedures, ever better results and shorter treatment times are not easy to attain. There are limits as to what nature will allow us to do. In the light of this realization, it is all the more important for dentists and implantologists to avail themselves of opportunities for continuing education – to keep up with technical innovations and new materials, for the benefit of patients and their own.

n  Dr Aman Singh,

MClinDent(st) Endodontics, B.D.S.

Member American Dental Association, Honorary member New Zealand Dental Association.

Member Indian Dental Association, Member Indian Society of Oral Implantologists,

Fellow- Lead Medical, New York. On Panel: Lead Medical, New York.

Consultant: Share Care, Chicago, USA. 

Odontos Dental Hospital announces short course in implants. 

The focus of our course is hands on directly on patients because one learns best when he or she does it themselves. It will cover 1. Participant will place two implants themselves. One maxillary and other mandibular. And will be given a practical class on other three cases. Total 5 cases in number.
2. If required participant will be given practical knowledge of sinus lift.
3. The kit will be provided by the hospital.
4. Participant will become eligible for membership of I.S.O.I after the course.
5. Participant may follow up the case if he or she desire. 


Course fees 30000.

The class will be exhaustive emphasizing on Theory in beginning and then practical.
You cannot learn practical by watching....you need to do it yourself.
Call 01762-525060 10am to 2pm
Only one student is to be taken per batch. Register today for august batch.2. If required participant will be given practical knowledge of sinus lift.3. The kit will be provided by the hospital.4. Participant will become eligible for membership of I.S.O.I after the course.5. Participant may follow up the case if he or she desire. Course fees 30000.The class will be exhaustive emphasizing on Theory in beginning and then practical.You cannot learn practical by watching....you need to do it yourself.Call 01762-525060 10am to 2pm Only one student is to be taken per batch. Register today for august batch.

 1 DENTIST REQUIRED =
 Location: Delhi, Delhi, India
    Date Posted: June 4
    Phone: 9313438781

  2we are having a flurishing group practise in potential area of mumbai,we are looking for a B.D.S. who is   keen to work in a team for long time.we can be contacted on 99203 91117
regards
Fresh Dentist Required Full Or Part Ime
Posted on: Sun, 1 Jul 2012, 10:24 PM

   3 Role: Dentist
    Experience: 0 To 1 Years
    Job Type: Full Time
    Job location: Chennai
    Basic/UG qualification: BDS
    PG Qualification: Post Graduation Not Required
    Key skills: SINCERE AND GOOD COMMUNICATION SKILLS
    No. of vacancies: 2
    Posted by: Company
    Company name: DR BALAJI B DENTAL CLINIC
    Contact person: DR BALAJI B

Mobile:  +91 - 98400 60462
Verified
Landline:  +91-44-4205 3358

Comparative Study of Elastomers--- full article, get it here

Comparative Study of Elastomers--- full article, get it here

http://d27vj430nutdmd.cloudfront.net/22512/106547/106547.1.pdf

Doctors Required for Polyclinic (0-5 yrs.) Polyclinic (Delhi/NCR)

Doctors Required for Polyclinic (0-5 yrs.)
Polyclinic (Delhi/NCR)
Looking for doctors of all specialty to sit in the OPD o f a polyclinic Chambers/clinic availabe on rent/sharing basis only Call on 9810233617 for details
Pharma / Biotech / Healthcare / Medical / R&D » General Practitioner
SMS APPLY HV4V4 to 5607055 to apply to this job*	View & Apply

14,15 July FPD crown prep principal,abutment selection,gingival retraction,post core,provisional restoration,pontics,metals alloys,ceramics at ahead academy=class+notes+tests+discussion+rankings+doubt solving at Delhi

CHANDIGARH ADMINISTRATION
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH
GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL,
Hospital Building, Block-D, Level-II, Sector 32-B, Chandigarh 160 030
Ph.No.0172-2665253-60, Fax No.0172-2609360
Advertisement No. GMCH/2EA2/2012/ Last date of receipt of Applications: 16.07.2012
PUBLIC APPOINTMENTS
Reference previous advertisement published in the Newspapers, The
Tribune, Chandigarh (English edition only), The Times of India (Delhi edition only) and
The Indian Express (Chandigarh & Delhi edition only) on 24.11.2011 & 25.11.2011 vide
advertisement No. 41943 dated 23.11.2011 regarding filling up the 05 post (01-OBC+04-
GEN) of Junior Resident (BDS) Dentistry is cancelled due to administrative reason.
A fresh applications are invited from the BDS graduates (Dentistry) for
filling up of 02 posts of SC category and 03 posts of OBC category of Junior Resident
(BDS) in the Department of Dentistry clearing back log of vacancies for the remaining
period of the year ending 31.12.2012 and also preparing a waiting list for future
vacancies occurring during the remaining period of the year ending 31.12.2012 being
tenure posts.
NOTE
(i) Number of vacancies are tentative and can increase or decrease.
(ii) 01 (One) post of Junior Resident (BDS) are reserved for Orthopaedically
Physically handicapped persons (Non Surgical), if available.
In order to short-list the candidates, a Written Test will be held on
24.07.2012 at 11.00 AM in Auditorium Hall, College Building, Govt. Medical College &
Hospital, Sector 32-A, Chandigarh.
The applications duly completed in all respects, alongwith the attested
photocopies of the certificates / testimonials and application fee of Rs.100/- (Rs. 25/- in
case of SC candidates, if applying for a post of reserved category) in the shape of
Demand Draft payable at Chandigarh drawn in favour of Director Principal, Government
Medical College & Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh should be submitted in the office of
the undersigned i.e. Room No. 228 A(Dairy & Despatch Section), Level II, Block D upto
16.07.2012 upto 5.00 PM. Applicants must mention the total marks obtained in all
professionals of BDS alongwith percentage of marks and maximum marks of all
professionals in the application form.
The application format alongwith other information regarding details of
posts, qualification, pay scales, age, reservation etc. can be obtained from the Office of
Director Principal, Hall No. 3, Level-II, Block-D , Hospital Building, Govt. Medical
College & Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh personally on any working day from Monday
to Friday between 9.00 AM to 5.00 PM. The application format alongwith other
information can also be downloaded from our website gmch.gov.in.
Note:
i. All the candidates who have applied against the previous advertisement
will have to apply a fresh against this advertisement as per the vacancy
position stated above.
Director Principal